Chemical exposure in the workplace is usually underestimated, even though it can have serious, long-term consequences for health. While many industries involve the use of hazardous materials, workers are sometimes unaware of the dangers they face daily. Long-term exposure to hazardous chemicals can raise the risk of a variety of illnesses, ranging from respiratory problems to fatal illnesses such as cancer.
NSC states that exposure to harmful substances or environments has become the leading cause of days away from work (DAFW) cases since 2020. In 2021-2022, this category ranked third for days away, restricted, or transferred (DART) cases, totaling 658,240 incidents. Workplace-related overdoses, especially drug-related, accounted for over half of the 839 fatalities reported in 2022.
Understanding these risks and taking preventive measures is crucial for both employees and employers. In this article, we’ll explore some of the most concerning health threats linked to workplace chemical exposure and how to protect yourself.
Respiratory Issues and Lung Diseases
Prolonged exposure to toxic chemicals, especially in industries such as construction, manufacturing, and agriculture, can lead to chronic respiratory problems. Inhalation of harmful substances like asbestos, dust, fumes, or vapors may result in conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
CDC notes that occupational exposures are a significant cause of COPD, contributing to 14% of all cases. COPD affects at least 15 million U.S. adults and is the 4th leading cause of death. Minimizing exposure to workplace agents is crucial to reducing new cases and worsening existing conditions.
One of the most concerning risks is pneumoconiosis, commonly known as “black lung disease,” which is often seen in miners exposed to coal dust. Over time, these conditions can severely impact quality of life, reduce lung capacity, and even cause premature death if not managed appropriately.
Workers in certain environments may not always realize they’re at risk until symptoms become more noticeable. However, the damage often starts years before the first sign of illness appears.
What industries are most affected by respiratory risks?
Industries like construction, manufacturing, and agriculture are most affected by respiratory risks due to their frequent use of harmful substances. Workers in these fields are exposed to materials such as asbestos, coal dust, and chemical fumes. Preventive measures in these sectors can reduce the risk of lung diseases significantly.
Cancer Risks from Toxic Chemical Exposure
Many chemicals found in workplace environments have been linked to various types of cancer. Substances like benzene, formaldehyde, and certain solvents are classified as carcinogens and can significantly increase cancer risks for those exposed over extended periods. For example, exposure to benzene in industries like oil and gas, or exposure to formaldehyde in healthcare settings, has been tied to leukemia.
As per MDPI, the presence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is a major concern in the workplace today. It’s a group of synthetic chemicals found in various industrial products. These chemicals, often used for their water- and oil-repellent properties, have been linked to cancers such as kidney and testicular cancer.
PFAS are particularly harmful because they are “forever chemicals,” which means they may remain in the environment and the human body for long periods. Workers in industries that use or manufacture PFAS-containing products, such as aerospace, manufacturing, and firefighting, may be at increased risk.
Aqueous film-forming foam is one of the most important causes of exposure to PFAS (AFFF). Firefighters and military personnel use it as a fire suppressor to put out flammable liquid fires. AFFF, which has been widely used for decades, contains high levels of PFAS, making it a major contributor to workplace chemical exposure. In response to growing concerns regarding firefighter foam cancer risks, AFFF manufacturers are facing lawsuits from firefighters, military personnel, and civilians.
According to TorHoerman Law, these claims state that manufacturers knew that PFAS in AFFF posed health dangers, yet they failed to alert consumers. Many of these cases are now part of a legal battle where the plaintiffs are seeking compensation for health damages and environmental cleanup costs. The lawsuits underscore the need for accountability and raise critical concerns about the safety of chemical use in industries with high exposure risks.
An October 2024 update from the Lawsuit Information Center highlights that the court has issued a case management order, establishing a timeline for trials. For the first set of cases, fact-finding continues until December 2024, with expert disclosures and depositions through mid-2025. The next group of cases will extend discovery through March 2025, with expert reports for thyroid and ulcerative colitis claims due by December.
How can exposure to PFAS affect personal health?
PFAS exposure can lead to serious health issues, including kidney and testicular cancer, due to their persistence in the human body. These “forever chemicals” accumulate over time, increasing the risk of chronic diseases. Workers in industries that handle PFAS-containing products are at heightened long-term risk.
Neurological and Reproductive Health Concerns
Chemical exposure in the workplace can also have lasting effects on the nervous and reproductive systems. Many industrial chemicals, such as heavy metals and pesticides, are known neurotoxins. Long-term exposure can lead to cognitive decline, memory problems, and even conditions like Parkinson’s disease. Some chemicals also interfere with reproductive health, leading to infertility or complications during pregnancy.
Workers exposed to high levels of lead, mercury, or certain pesticides may experience hormonal imbalances, reduced fertility, or developmental issues in their children. These effects are often more difficult to recognize, as they can take years to fully manifest. However, the long-term consequences can severely impact the quality of life for individuals and their families.
What are early signs of neurological damage from chemicals?
Neurological damage from workplace chemicals can start with subtle symptoms like memory issues or difficulty concentrating. Long-term exposure may lead to more serious conditions such as Parkinson’s disease. Early detection and reducing exposure can prevent further cognitive decline and long-term health problems.
Workplace chemical exposure is a serious issue that often flies under the radar. The long-term health risks such as respiratory problems, cancer, neurological issues, and reproductive health concerns can be devastating. Both employers and workers must be aware of these dangers and take appropriate precautions to protect themselves.
Simple steps like improving ventilation, using proper safety measures, and providing protective gear can make a big difference in creating a safer workplace. Staying informed and proactive is key to minimizing the harmful effects of toxic substances on workers.
